• Since late July 2025, South Africa’s Ministry of Health has reported more than 30 measles cases per week, signaling a sustained rise in infection rates.
• From the start of the outbreak in January 2025, approximately 741 laboratory-confirmed measles cases have been documented through 22 August, which is roughly double the typical incidence.
  
• A significant majority of these cases—503—occurred in Gauteng Province, with most affecting children under 14 years of age.

Measles outbreaks are currently being reported in multiple countries worldwide.

A 68-year-old man from Tonila, Jalisco, contracted rabies after being bitten by a cow in May 2025.

Although Mexico became the first country in the world to receive validation from WHO for eliminating dog-transmitted rabies as a public health problem. (Mexico is free from human rabies transmitted by dogs), the virus circulates in the country:

In 2024, rabies was confirmed in 257 cattle, 14 horses, 6 sheep, 1 goat, 23 hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus), 3 insectivorous bats, and 1 frugivorous bat. 

On 29 August 2025, the New York City Health Department announced that the Central Harlem community cluster of Legionnaires’ disease has ended. In total, there have been 114 cases of Legionnaires’ disease associated with this cluster; 90 people have been hospitalized; six remain hospitalized; and, seven people have died.

A measles outbreak in East Java, Indonesia, has caused 17 deaths, mostly among children, with 16 of those deaths occurring in Sumenep district. Media reports, citing the Sumenep District Health Agency, say that 16 of the deceased were not immunized and one had not finished the vaccination series.

As of 17 Aug 2025, a total of 2035 cases have been reported in Sumenep since the start of 2025, primarily affecting children under seven years old.

Measles outbreaks are currently being reported in multiple countries worldwide.

According to media, two Russian tourists were diagnosed with chikungunya infection upon returning from a stay in Sri Lanka.

On 22 August 2025, the US FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research has suspended the biologics license for Valneva Austria GmbH’s live-attenuated IXCHIQ vaccine.

This vaccine was initially approved by the FDA under the accelerated approval pathway in November of 2023 for the prevention of disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in individuals 18 years of age and older who are at increased risk of exposure to CHIKV. CBER’s decision is based on serious safety concerns related to the vaccine, which appears to be causing chikungunya-like illness in vaccine recipients. There has been one death from encephalitis directly attributable to the vaccine (CSF PCR was + for the vaccine strain of the virus) and over 20 reported serious adverse events that were consistent with chikungunya-like illness. Reported serious adverse events have included 21 hospitalizations and 3 deaths. Furthermore, the clinical benefit of the vaccine has not yet been verified in confirmatory clinical studies. CBER’s benefit-risk analysis broadly shows the vaccine does not have benefits outweighing risks, under most plausible scenarios. For these reasons, CBER believes this vaccine is not safe and that continued administration to the public would pose a danger to health. 

• Local media report a Chikungunya outbreak in Chittagong, the second largest city in Bangladesh, with around 2100 cases recorded from January to mid-August 2025.
  
• High mosquito density and insufficient mosquito control are worsening the spread.
• Public health concerns increase due to limited routine surveillance and diagnostic difficulties.

Within few days, the number of cases with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) has risen to 8 cases, bringing the total of PAM cases in Kerala to 28 suspected and 11 confirmed cases.

PAM is a rare brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, it is almost always fatal. The ameba live in warm fresh water and soil around the world. The risk of a Naegleria fowleri infection is very low. 

On 24 Aug 2025, twenty-six individuals in Balasan, Iloilo Province developed symptoms consistent with suspected ciguatera fish poisoning after consuming barracuda purchased from the local public market. All cases were mild to moderate, with no fatalities, and patients have shown clinical improvement.