WHO for 2022–2024 show that officially reported human rabies deaths remain far below modelling estimates, pointing to substantial underreporting worldwide. The gap is likely driven by weak surveillance, misdiagnosis, limited reporting capacity, and poor cross-sector coordination. The WHO African Region reports the highest number of human rabies deaths, while recent modelling suggests that in Africa, around 300 rabies cases may go undetected for every reported case.
Most countries reported chronic shortages or a complete absence of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). A survey of 20 countries found chronic shortages or a complete lack of RIG, with only five countries reporting any licensed or available RIG products, often with inconsistent supply. Several countries reported years-long stockouts or no local availability. Use of rabies monoclonal antibodies as an alternative to RIG was also limited, with only Nigeria and Togo reporting their use.
For details, see full WHO report.
Exposure to potentially rabid animals is common, especially during travel!
Prevention:
- In general, avoid contact with animals and do not feed them!
- Due to the global shortage of rabies immunoglobulins — crucial for unvaccinated individuals after potential rabies exposure — the Swiss Expert Committee for Travel Medicine advises a more generous approach to recommending rabies vaccination before travel. A two-dose pre-exposure rabies vaccination for travel should be considered as a once-in-a-lifetime investment for ALL travellers!
Behavior after exposure: After an animal bite/scratch: immediately wash the wound with water and soap for 15 minutes, then disinfect and in any case visit a high-quality medical center for post-exposure vaccination and wound assessment as soon as possible!