Chikungunya virus is re-expanding across the Southwest Indian Ocean.

Mayotte: As of 2 May 2025, a total of 89 chikungunya cases have now been reported in Mayotte. This includes 28 locally acquired cases. The last outbreak of chikungunya occurred in 2006.

Mauritius has reported at least 17 cases.

La Réunion: As of 30 April 2025, over 44,000 confirmed chikungunya cases (including 9 deaths) on the island since the start of 2025. The outbreak is ongoing and widespread throughout Réunion. 

According to media, a 35‑year‑old resident of Ulyanovsk, Russia died from malaria complications after returning from a February 2025 trip to Zanzibar. Initially treated for influenza, he was later diagnosed with malaria in hospital but succumbed despite care. Neither he nor his pregnant wife had taken the recommended antimalarial prophylaxis.

Malaria is endemic in both Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania, with incidence rates rising in recent years.

As of April 28, 2025, Ecuador’s Public Health Minister reported three confirmed yellow fever cases, with a fourth currently under investigation. The first case was detected in the province of Zamora Chinchipe, located at the southeastern end of the Amazon Basin.

In other countries of South America an upsurge in yellow fever cases is seen this year, see EpiNews 1.5.2025. In response, Ecuador has announced that, effective 12 May 2025, travellers entering the country will be required to present a yellow fever vaccination certificate. This requirement applies to:

• Travellers of Peruvian, Colombian, Bolivian, or Brazilian nationality or residency.
• Travellers of any nationality or residency who have stayed more than 10 days in, or transited through, any of these countries before entering Ecuador.

In 2025, yellow fever cases have been reported in multiple countries of the Americas Region and detected in new areas.

Between EW 1 and EW 15 of 2025, 190 confirmed human cases of yellow fever have been reported in 5 countries, of which 74 have been fatal:  Bolivia (2 cases, including 1 fatal), Brazil (102 cases, including 41 fatal), Colombia (53 cases, including 21 fatal), and Peru (32 cases, including 11 fatal).

Colombia (20.04.2025): The National Government declared a public health emergency due to increase number of cases of yellow fever in the country.

Ecuador (30.04.2025): The MOH confirmed 2 cases (1 fatal) from remote province (illegal mining).

Yellow Book (CDC): Vaccination recommendation expanded to new areas (see map below).

According to Santé Publique France, over 70 cases of typhoid fever have been reported since January 2025 in the communes of Chiconi, Koungou, Mamoudzou (with more than 65 cases), and Sada - marking a significant rise above the average incidence.

On the 15 April 2025, the Government of Belize reported locally transmitted malaria cases in Santa Elena Town and Cristo Rey Village in Cayo District (in the West close to the border with Guatemala). These are the first locally acquired cases in Belize in over six years.

Belize was certified malaria free by WHO in 2023.

Nach Angaben der Behörden wurden seit Jahresanfang und bis zum 6. April 2025 184 Fälle von Melioidose gemeldet – deutlich mehr als in den Vorjahren zur gleichen Zeit. Tatsächlich liegt die Zahl der Fälle in den ersten drei Monaten des Jahres 2025 bereits über den gesamten Jahreszahlen der vergangenen fünf Jahre.
Lokale Medien berichten ausserdem von 26 Todesfällen durch Melioidose in Queensland seit Jahresbeginn.
 
Melioidose, die durch das Bakterium Burkholderia pseudomallei verursacht wird, betrifft hauptsächlich Menschen, die direkten Kontakt mit kontaminiertem Boden und Wasser haben. Viele Melioidose-Patienten leiden an einer Grunderkrankung wie Diabetes (häufigster Risikofaktor), Nieren- und Lebererkrankungen und anderen. Informationen zur Melioidose: siehe CDC.

Algeria: An 18-year-old man died on 4th Apr 2025 at the Ikhwa Toubal Hospital in Mila due to rabies, after being scratched by a cat he had taken into his home. According to sources, the incident occurred on 26 Mar 2025, but the patient did not receive vaccines as postexposition prophylaxis.

Tunisia: A 14-year-old boy died on 5 Apr 2025 after contracting rabies, according to the regional health director of Zaghouan. The child was infected by a dog bite a month earlier in the Hemamma area of El Fahs.

                                               Map source: www.philatlas.com 

Typhoid fever cases in Negros Occidental have increased to 387 with 3 deaths from January to March 2025, the Provincial Health Office reported. This is 86% more than in the same  period of 2024. The age group with the highest number of typhoid cases is 11 to 20 years. Typhoid fever is a life-threatening bacterial infection, commonly spread through contaminated  food or water, or through person-to-person contact. This disease is most common in areas with poor sanitation.