Since December 2025, Madagascar has been experiencing the largest mpox outbreak, due to clade Ib, in the African Region and globally, with ongoing sustained community transmission and high weekly case counts. As of 14 June 2026, Madagascar has reported a total more than 4’111 suspected cases, including 2’363 confirmed cases and 15 deaths. Most deaths reported were in immunosuppressed individuals.
The outbreak remains uncontrolled, with persistently high case numbers and test positivity, compounded by healthcare and logistical challenges, vaccine stockouts, cold chain issues, and the need for continued risk communication and community engagement.
Risk very low for general populations but moderate for at risk groups.
Follow recommendations issued by local health authorities.
- Avoid close, skin-to-skin contact with individuals who have, or may have, mpox, including anyone with a rash (pimples, blisters, scabs).
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer at least 60% alcohol).
- Avoid touching potentially contaminated personal items such as bedding, clothing, towels, cups, or eating utensils used by someone with suspected or confirmed mpox.
- Avoid sexual contact with sick people; use condoms for up to 12 weeks if your sexual partner has had mpox.
- For people belonging to an at-risk group, vaccination may be indicated. See Mpox factsheet.
- Avoid contact with animals in areas where mpox regularly occurs.
- Avoid eating or preparing meat from wild animals (bushmeat) or using products (creams, lotions, powders) derived from wild animals.