Since the beginning of the 2026 transmission season, and as at 3 September, 144 areas affected by West Nile virus (WNV) have been identified in 15 countries across Europe, with 1’086 locally acquired human cases. Key findings:
- The 2026 WNV season is currently seeing an intense level of circulation in both humans and animals in several European countries.
- There is currently no indication of increased disease severity in humans in Europe.
- Italy remains the most affected country in 2026, reporting the most human cases and avian outbreaks. Greece has reported a record number of human WNV cases for this time of the year.
- The Netherlands reported its first human WNV infections since 2020, alongside outbreaks in birds and equids, across a broad geographic area.
- Although no human WNV cases have ever been notified in Belgium, ongoing circulation in birds and equids across eight regions suggests a risk for human infections.
- North Macedonia is experiencing an unprecedented WNV outbreak in the capital region, with human cases and detections in birds.
- Further human cases and animal outbreaks may be expected in the coming weeks in Europe.
- For details by country, see LINK.
The WNV season in Europe is typically between May and October, with peak transmission from July to September. During the season:
- Protect yourself against mosquito bites during the day and at night (see Optimal mosquito and tick bite protection 24/7).
- Do not touch sick or dead birds, as they may also be infected.
- If you have visited a West Nile fever transmission area, do not donate blood for at least 28 days after returning.